Although the street is relatively new, it commemorates a site of exceptional importance during the Dark Ages. When the Saxons colonised the London area in the 5th century, after the Romans had departed, they established a riverside market town beyond the city walls, calling it Lundenwic. The Thames was much wider then, and the Strand marks its shoreline.
In 886 Alfred the Great captured London from the marauding Danes, refortified the city and moved the trading activities of Lundenwic within it. A century or more later, a Danish community resettled the vicinity of the old market – which is what ‘Aldwych’ means. [Incidentally, Londoners are divided on the question of whether to call the street ‘Aldwych’ or ‘the Aldwych’.]
The church of St Clement Danes is said to be the burial place of the half-Danish Harold I, Harefoot, who ruled England from 1035 to 1040, first as regent for his half-brother and then as king. The church was gutted by fire caused by bombing during the Second World War but has since been restored.
Soon after Aldwych’s crescent was created (primarily in place of Wych Street) several impressive buildings opened on its north side, notably the Waldorf Hotel and the pair of theatres that flank it: the Novello (originally Waldorf) and Aldwych. At opposite ends of the crescent, two office blocks are also grade II listed: Inveresk House (completed in 1907 for the Morning Post, now the One Aldwych hotel) and Clement House (1911).
The west end of the central section between Aldwych and the Strand was the home of the Gaiety theatre from 1903 to 1939. Most of the building was demolished in 1956 when wartime bomb damage was finally deemed irreparable. It was replaced by an office block that has since in turn been replaced by the ME London hotel. Marconi House, the surviving part of the Gaiety development has recently been converted into 86 apartments and penthouses.
The other buildings in the central section are Australia House (completed in 1918 and shown in the photo above), Bush House (1925, with various wings following on) and India House (1930).
Aldwych tube station (called Strand station when it opened in 1907) closed in 1994. Nowadays it’s regularly used as a location for television and film productions.
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