Von 1884 bis 1919 besaß das Deutsche Reich Kolonien in Afrika, Ozeanien und China – im Vergleich zu anderen europäischen Mächten war dies nur eine Episode. Dennoch entstanden in dieser Zeit große ethnographische Sammlungen, in denen sich die unterschiedlichen Kulturen der Kolonialgebiete widerspiegeln. Eine solche Sammlung besitzt auch das Landesmuseum Hannover. Sie besteht großenteils aus Objekten, die mit Hannover verbundene Personen aus den deutschen Kolonialgebieten mitbrachten oder nach Hause schickten.

Obwohl Hannover in der Kolonialverwaltung keine zentrale Rolle spielte, bemühten sich auch dort Wissenschaftler, Zeugnisse der Kulturen der Kolonialgebiete zu bewahren, bevor diese verlorengingen. So gelangten in den rund 35 Jahren deutscher Kolonialzeit viele Objekte in das Landesmuseum. Dabei handelt es sich nicht nur um Gegenstände aus den Kulturen Afrikas, Asiens und Ozeaniens, sondern auch um naturkundliche Objekte.

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