While the 1889 Dockers’ Strike was a triumph for the ‘New Unions’, it proved difficult to replicate its success in the 1890s. As the country moved into another economic depression it was the unskilled who tended to be the first to be laid off and strikes became less effective when high unemployment guaranteed the availability of ‘black-leg’ labour. When dockers and seamen at Hull attempted to reproduce the success of the London dockers in 1893 the strike failed dramatically. As The Times reported, “At Hull, as elsewhere, the New Unionism has been defeated, but nowhere has the defeat been so decisive, or the surrender so abject.”

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